Social Sector Initiatives
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First, was the human capital approach.
It saw social sector initiatives as an investment which would lead to
long-term, more stable and permanent returns such as higher standards of
living, higher standards of employment, reduced poverty and thus, the progress
of the nation as a whole. Schultz and Becker, two scholars, in 1961 and 1962
proposed that education, health, and nutrition cannot be considered as
consumption goods. There are investments to the Human Capital which will
eventually lead to higher productivity and advance the entire country. The
drawback of this
Before studying the subject, the meaning
of the name of the subject must be known to you. An interest is created by the
name itself. So let me tell you a bit about what the social sector initiatives
means. Social sectors are those sectors that embody the policies of a welfare
state in the country. It works to uplift the standard of living of the members
of society. It may demand a considerable amount of investment but don't yield
immediate results. They don't even show a very predictable, finite promise of
returns. Sectors like education, health, and nutrition etc are some social
sectors that are socially valuable but do not add to economic growth
immediately.
In the Evolution of social sector, two
significant concepts emerged;
First, was the human capital approach.
It saw social sector initiatives as an investment which would lead to
long-term, more stable and permanent returns such as higher standards of
living, higher standards of employment, reduced poverty and thus, the progress
of the nation as a whole. Schultz and Becker, two scholars, in 1961 and 1962
proposed that education, health, and nutrition cannot be considered as
consumption goods. There are investments to the Human Capital which will
eventually lead to higher productivity and advance the entire country. The
drawback of this
The second approach was that of the
Human Development. It saw initiatives in education, mental and physical
health, nutrition, employment, etc as end-results rather than means to achieve
higher productivity. It considered these as basic rights of all citizens and
the country’s responsibility to provide them even if the rates of returns are
low. Education or health care develops human beings and that in itself is an
achievement and also the duty of the State. When a human develops then his
capabilities are widened and he can provide for himself and that fulfills the
role of the State.
Socially progressive States
build an evolved international community and can do justice to the human race
as an inclusive community.
The human development approach is more
applicable to countries like India which suffers from chronic problems of
poverty and social backwardness. Students of IAS are the potential leaders of
the nation. Understanding subjects like social sector initiatives are
imperative for them to contribute to the growth of the country and attainment
of a Welfare State. We at Gurmarg, open young minds to the world of
Social Welfare, National Progress and Human Resource Development by teaching
concepts holistically.
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